Academic adolescent dissertation in risk taking

Academic adolescent dissertation in risk taking

optimal development. For example, the choice to be challenged by academic material (i.e., academic risk taking) facilitates learning (Clifford, ). Health risk behaviors are the focus of much within the adolescent risk literature, but there are few lines of research that concentrate on the positive outcomes of risk behavior in adolescents. A If you Academic Adolescent Dissertation In Risk Taking are tasked to write a college essay, you Academic Adolescent Dissertation In Risk Taking are not alone. In fact, most college students are assigned to write good quality papers in exchange for high marks in class. You are also not alone in discovering that writing this type of paper is really difficult/10() Academic adolescent dissertation in risk taking

Academic adolescent dissertation in risk taking

This paper will review the trends in illegal substance use in the student population of Oregon and more specifically academic adolescent dissertation in risk taking 6 th and 8 th grade student population of Lake County Oregon, a frontier population during the years of through I will review the primary causal factors associated with the early onset and subsequent development of adolescent substance use and misuse. I will discuss a fundamental approach to prevention of substance abuse that was introduced in Lake County during a 3 year time period.

Youth drug use and abuse is becoming a growing social and a public health problem. There are many substances blamed to be of use and abuse by adolescents. Substances are categorized into licit or lawful bought legally as tobacco and alcohol and illicit or illegal as heroin, cocaine, amphetamines, or cannabis. This has influenced public and individual perception to the whole problem. Public perception on a drug being a licit one there is no enough cause to face its consumption.

There are three main patterns of how people look at an adolescent drug user. First, the user is a morally or religiously defective person committing a sin or a social offense. The second pattern views the user as an ill person who needs medical or psychiatric help. The third pattern considers the user as a socially injured person who passed or is passing through hardships.

However, all these interpretations focus on the individual. According to Burrow-Sanchezthere are four areas to deal with academic adolescent dissertation in risk taking problem on an individual level. First, a counselor, peer, or a family member needs to setup a valid relationship with the adolescent. Second, authorities have to evaluate the problem from all sides, about the substance, academic adolescent dissertation in risk taking, the individual, and the social environment, academic adolescent dissertation in risk taking.

Third is, for social workers to realize the possibility of recurrence relapse. Finally, a counselor needs to consider the various treatment approaches based on a comprehensive assessment if the adolescent passes to abuse or dependence. Figure 1 elicits the problem volume and shows Drug use rates by age in the US based on National Household Survey on drug use,cited in the report of the Office of National Drug Control Policy a The aim of this thesis is to review the problem of adolescent drug use about volume of the problem epidemiologyrisk and protective factors, and etiology.

In addition, the thesis aims to provide a preliminary assessment of the efficacy of Dr. Specifically as applied to the 6 th and 8 th grade student population of Lake County Oregon as a frontier community during the years of through On reviewing the literature on adolescent substance use, there is little agreement to the terms that point to academic adolescent dissertation in risk taking patterns of drug use. Terms of substance or drug use, abuse, and dependence are erratically used instead of one another.

A drug is a psychoactive substance that acts on the central nervous system influencing the mood, behavior and thought Fagg, Drug use definition is as in the WHO World Health Organization expert committee report on drug dependence Figure 2 shows licit and illicit substance use among US adolescents in based on data of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health SAMHSADawes and others, According to Australian Statement of Principles concerning drug dependence and drug abuse No.

The individual is always capable to control the amount used. Based on the definitions cited in the Australian Statement of Principles No. A psychiatric state fulfills the following. It should be a poorly adapted pattern prototype associated with drug use resulting in a notable afflict or harm. The individual shows one or more of the following criteria within 12 months of drug use. Repeated drug use results in failure to fulfill a principal commitment work, school, social, or family.

The individual does not refrain from using the drug in possibly risky situations as driving or working on a machine. Other signs include repeated use of the drug despite exposure to legal problems, social or family problems caused by, or aggravated by using the drug. Drug dependence is the psychiatric state that fulfills at least three or more of the following signs on condition, they take place within 12 months of drug intake. First is the tolerance, it takes one of two forms, secondeither there is a need to take increasing doses to get the wanted effect or continued intake of the same dose results in reduced effect, academic adolescent dissertation in risk taking.

Third, drug withdrawal results in symptoms relieved by drug intake. Fourth, is despite continuous urge to stop the drugs but repeated trials persistently failed. Fifth, longtime, persistent, repeated and failing efforts spent trying to control of the drug intake are signs of drug dependence. Other signs are reduction or missing significant activities whether social, work related, academic adolescent dissertation in risk taking, leisure related, because of the individual keeps on taking the drug Australian Statement of Principles concerning drug dependence and drug abuse No.

A frontier community definition, as stated by the National Center for Frontiers Communities is a community with a population density of less than, or up to 20 persons per square mile. It should be located at a great distance or travel time from the nearest sizable service center education, or medical or market.

However, this definition does not consider the population characteristics as senior population, income, or health conditions. Nor does it consider whether service centers and markets are within the state borders or not.

Therefore, the National Center for Frontiers Communities recommended that states should take part in academic adolescent dissertation in risk taking defining and designing a frontier community. According to this definition, academic adolescent dissertation in risk taking, nine million US citizens live in frontiers communities, twenty-seven states have 97 counties to consider as frontiers communities The National Center for Frontiers Communities, Inthe United States Congress passed the public law assigning the Secretary of Health and Human Services to define what a frontier area is.

The objective was to use the definition in Telehealth programs authorized in that law. The definition bases were mainly population density, and travel distance to the nearest medical facility. The expert panel assigned to examine the definition suggested that frontier areas are those zip code areas fulfilling the following conditions. They should be 60 miles or more far from a nonfederal hospital of at least 75 beds along the fastest paved road. Alternatively, an area on 60 minutes travel time from a similar health facility is a frontier area.

Finally, a frontier area should not be a part of a larger rural town of inhabitants Center of Rural Health at the University of North Dakota, Evelyn and McKnight stated that in1. The cut off point is 14 drinks a week or drink at a sitting for males and female heavy drinkers were those who had seven drinks a week or three drinks at a sitting.

While 4, academic adolescent dissertation in risk taking. Klein, Shane, and Barry reviewed the results of National Survey on Health. About illicit drugs, Over eight percent reported marijuana and 5. There were no significant differences between males and females about alcohol or illicit drugs use. Twelve percent of eighth grade adolescents reported drinking alcohol at least once in the last two weeks before the survey. More than three percent of 12 th grade adolescents reported drinking alcohol daily for the past month before the survey.

For illicit drugs, The survey also showed that Klein and colleagues reported that black adolescents used alcohol less than white and Hispanic Further, Further, the survey showed that deaths under 21 years take place yearly in car accidents under the influence of alcohol. The survey showed that The report called to increase parent mentoring and to readjust current prevention tools The NSDUH Report, Although drug use varies among frontier, academic adolescent dissertation in risk taking, suburban, and urban communities, yet some characteristics of frontier communities make the depiction taken.

These features are poverty, as 50 of the poorest counties in the US are frontier counties, adolescent under 18 years represent Opposite to public perception and to the picture drawn by the media, adolescent in frontier communities are at similar or even greater risk of drug use. They are prone to the same stresses and persuasions as their counterparts all over the US.

In addition, as it is the case all over the US, alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking dominates over illicit drugs use.

The association between drinking and driving is higher in adolescents of frontier communities. This is because of lesser means of entertainment, and greater distances to the nearest activity centers. Drug use on regular basis is of smaller rates among adolescents in frontier communities. Forty eight percent of adolescents who smoke are prone to use illicit drugs compared to 5.

Awareness of risk and protective factors besides reducing risk and enrichment of protective factors encouraging buoyancy or resilience are the center of any prevention program Office of Drug Control Policy b This factor makes an individual more prone to develop a disorder more than a randomly selected individual from the general population. Risk factors assigned to the individual, family, society or institution work, education, prison….

Risk factors can be unchanging, like gender or family history or altered by interventions, like education level or exposure to maltreatment. Recognizing risk factors is essential to identify populations where intervention is likely to produce best results. Beman recognized risk factors that make adolescents more vulnerable to drug use and abuse. Wright and Pemberton summarized the risk and protective factors for drug use in adolescents as follows, academic adolescent dissertation in risk taking, based on data taken from the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse.

The survey showed that adult neighbors strongly disapprove their neighbor adolescent smoking cigarettes daily, drank alcohol daily, or tried marijuana.

However, academic adolescent dissertation in risk taking, White adolescents reported more local community orderliness and less ineptitude Wright and Pemberton, Most parents disapprove their children smoking cigarettes, drinking alcohol or trying marijuana. Fifty seven percent of adolescents reported they have had a conversation, at least once, with one of their parents on the hazards of drug use during the 12 months before the survey.

Whites and Hispanics reported parent communication on the subject more than Black counterparts. Male adolescents reported less appreciation of the hazards of substance use and abuse than female counterparts.

Adolescents aged years showed higher perception and more positive outlook to substance use than their years counterparts. White adolescent reported lesser bond to school rules than their Hispanic or Black counterparts Wright and Pemberton, academic adolescent dissertation in risk taking Wright and Pemberton inferred that after adjusting the variables of age, gender, ethnicity, academic adolescent dissertation in risk taking, and community demographic differences, there is a strong association between risk and protective factors.

Prevention message from the school and church have strong influences on adolescents. Also, academic adolescent dissertation in risk taking, parental communication, mentoring, stronger controls on substance use in school have strong influences on adolescents about substance use.

Table 1 summarizes the risk factors for adolescent drug academic adolescent dissertation in risk taking among other psychosocial phenomena Catalano and Hawkins,

Risk Taking in Adolescents

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